在之前的一篇文章 Python 利用 AIML 和 Tornado 搭建聊天机器人 微信 订阅号 中用 aiml 实现了一个简单的英文聊天机器人订阅号。但是只能处理英文消息，现在用 图灵机器人 来实现一个中文的聊天机器人订阅号。
这里主要介绍如何利用 Python 的 Tornado Web框架以及 wechat-python-sdk 微信公众平台 Python 开发包来快速搭建微信公众号。
完整的公众号代码 GitHub 地址： green ，由于目前此公众号有一些功能正在开发中，此完整代码会与下文所描述的代码有不一致的地方，但是自动回复的功能会一直保留。
本文搭建的微信公众号为 Ms_haoqi ，可以扫码关注后测试效果
自动回复效果:
安装Python库
通过 pip 安装 wechat-python-sdk ， Requests 以及 Tornado
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pip install tornado
pip install wechat-sdk
pip install requests
订阅号申请
要搭建订阅号，首先需要在微信公众平台官网进行注册，注册网址: 微信公众平台。
目前个人用户可以免费申请微信订阅号，虽然很多权限申请不到，但是基本的消息回复是没有问题的。
服务器接入
具体的接入步骤可以参考官网上的 接入指南 。
本订阅号的配置为：
配置里的URL为服务器提供订阅号后台的url路径，本文用到的源代码配置的是 http://server_ip/wx 其中 server_ip 是运行源代码的主机的公网ip地址。
Token 可以设置为任意字符串。
EncodingAESKey 可以选择随机生成。
消息加密方式可以设置为比较简单的明文模式。
接受并处理微信服务器发送的接入请求的关键代码为Tornado的一个Handle, wx.py :
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import tornado.escape
import tornado.web
from wechat_sdk import WechatConf
conf = WechatConf(
token=’your_token’, # 你的公众号Token
appid=’your_appid’, # 你的公众号的AppID
appsecret=’your_appsecret’, # 你的公众号的AppSecret
encrypt_mode=’safe’,# 可选项：normal/compatible/safe，分别对应于 明文/兼容/安全 模式
encoding_aes_key=’your_encoding_aes_key’# 如果传入此值则必须保证同时传入 token, appid
)
from wechat_sdk import WechatBasic
wechat = WechatBasic(conf=conf)
class WX(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
def get(self):
signature = self.get_argument(‘signature’, ‘default’)
timestamp = self.get_argument(‘timestamp’, ‘default’)
nonce = self.get_argument(‘nonce’, ‘default’)
echostr = self.get_argument(‘echostr’, ‘default’)
if signature != ‘default’ and timestamp != ‘default’ and nonce != ‘default’ and echostr != ‘default’
and wechat.check_signature(signature, timestamp, nonce):
self.write(echostr)
else:
self.write(‘Not Open’)
此代码的作用就是验证消息是来自微信官方服务器后直接返回echostr。
启动后台的 main.py 代码：
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’, ‘n’)
elif js[‘code’] == 200000:
return js[‘url’]
else:
return None
except Exception:
traceback.print_exc()
return None
编写公众号自动回复代码
利用 wechat-python-sdk 微信公众平台 Python 开发包可以很容易地处理公众号的所有消息。
如下为处理来自微信官方服务器的微信公众号消息的 Tornado Handler对象(此代码会获取公众号收到的用户消息并调用刚刚包装的图灵机器人API自动回复) wx.py 部分代码：
Python
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import tornado.escape
import tornado.web
auto_reply = TulingAutoReply(key, url) # key和url填入自己申请到的图灵key以及图灵请求url
class WX(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
def wx_proc_msg(self, body):
try:
wechat.parse_data(body)
except ParseError:
print ‘Invalid Body Text’
return
if isinstance(wechat.message, TextMessage): # 消息为文本消息
content = wechat.message.content
reply = auto_reply.reply(content)
if reply is not None:
return wechat.response_text(content=reply)
else:
return wechat.response_text(content=u”不知道你说的什么”)
return wechat.response_text(content=u’知道了’)
def post(self):
signature = self.get_argument(‘signature’, ‘default’)
timestamp = self.get_argument(‘timestamp’, ‘default’)
nonce = self.get_argument(‘nonce’, ‘default’)
if signature != ‘default’ and timestamp != ‘default’ and nonce != ‘default’
and wechat.check_signature(signature, timestamp, nonce):
body = self.request.body.decode(‘utf-8’)
try:
result = self.wx_proc_msg(body)
if result is not None:
self.write(result)
except IOError, e:
return 来源：http://blog.csdn.net/tobacco5648/article/details/51190039
本文采用「CC BY-SA 4.0 CN」协议转载自互联网、仅供学习交流，内容版权归原作者所有，如涉作品、版权和其他问题请给「 我们 」留言处理。
来源：数据分析网
发布时间：2016-04-28 00:21:00
SAS 提供了大量的内置函数，并且在数量和内容上不断的发展改进，从版本9.2开始还提供了自定义函数功能。使用合适的函数，将会使你的工作效率加倍。
SAS9.2 的常规函数已达到499个。庞大的函数库确实给SASor们带来了非常多的方便，但是仓库式的SAS builted in帮助太杂乱，常常让人有一种“不识庐山真面目，只缘身在此山中”的感觉。有时，需要的函数找不到，找到的函数又不合适。其实SAS很体贴地不断增加高效的函数来精简你的代码和提高编程速度，可惜很多函数，SASor们并不知晓，常常看到别人使用的时候，才惊叹“原来SAS已经提供了这样的函数，我编了半天小算法”，或者“白费这么大劲，编了个宏”等等。这里按类列出SAS9.2版本的函数，供大家参考。
按不同的使用环境，SAS一共有七大类函数：
一，常规函数 ；二，windows环境下函数；三，OpenVMS虚拟内存环境下函数；四，z/OS操作环境下函数，五，宏语言函数；六，多国语言函数，七，其他函数
第一类函数常规函数最常用，数量也最多，这里依次列出所有的常规函数。
Character 字符函数
函数名称 功能
ANYALNUM Function Searches a character string for an alphanumeric character, and returns the first position at which the character is found.
ANYALPHA Function Searches a character string for an alphabetic character, and returns the first position at which the character is found.
ANYCNTRL Function Searches a character string for a control character, and returns the first position at which that character is found.
ANYDIGIT Function Searches a character string for a digit, and returns the first position at which the digit is found.
ANYFIRST Function Searches a character string for a character that is valid as the first character in a SAS variable name under VALIDVARNAME=V7, and returns the first position at which that character is found.
ANYGRAPH Function Searches a character string for a graphical character, and returns the first position at which that character is found.
ANYLOWER Function Searches a character string for a lowercase letter, and returns the first position at which the letter is found.
ANYNAME Function Searches a character string for a character that is valid in a SAS variable name under VALIDVARNAME=V7, and returns the first position at which that character is found.
ANYPRINT Function Searches a character string for a printable character, and returns the first position at which that character is found.
ANYPUNCT Function Searches a character string for a punctuation character, and returns the first position at which that character is found.
ANYSPACE Function Searches a character string for a white-space character (blank, horizontal and vertical tab, carriage return, line feed, and form feed), and returns the first position at which that character is found.
ANYUPPER Function Searches a character string for an uppercase letter, and returns the first position at which the letter is found.
ANYXDIGIT Function Searches a character string for a hexadecimal character that represents a digit, and returns the first position at which that character is found.
BYTE Function Returns one character in the ASCII or the EBCDIC collating sequence.
CALL CATS Routine Removes leading and trailing blanks, and returns a concatenated character string.
CALL CATT Routine Removes trailing blanks, and returns a concatenated character string.
CALL CATX Routine Removes leading and trailing blanks, inserts delimiters, and returns a concatenated character string.
CALL COMPCOST Routine Sets the costs of operations for later use by the COMPGED function
CALL MISSING Routine Assigns missing values to the specified character or numeric variables.
CALL SCAN Routine Returns the position and length of the nth word from a character string.
CAT Function Does not remove leading or trailing blanks, and returns a concatenated character string.
CATQ Function Concatenates character or numeric values by using a delimiter to separate items and by adding quotation marks to strings that contain the delimiter.
CATS Function Removes leading and trailing blanks, and returns a concatenated character string.
CATT Function Removes trailing blanks, and returns a concatenated character string.
CATX Function Removes leading and trailing blanks, inserts delimiters, and returns a character string.
CHAR Function Returns a single character from a specified position in a character string.
CHOOSEC Function Returns a character value that represents the results of choosing from a list of arguments.
CHOOSEN Function Returns a numeric value that represents the results of choosing from a list of arguments.
COALESCEC Function Returns the first non-missing value from a list of character arguments.
COLLATE Function Returns a character string in ASCII or EBCDIC collating sequence.
COMPARE Function Returns the position of the leftmost character by which two strings differ, or returns 0 if there is no difference.
COMPBL Function Removes multiple blanks from a character string.
COMPGED Function Returns the generalized edit distance between two strings.
COMPLEV Function Returns the Levenshtein edit distance between two strings.
COMPRESS Function Returns a character string with specified characters removed from the original string.
COUNT Function Counts the number of times that a specified substring appears within a character string.
COUNTC Function Counts the number of characters in a string that appear or do not appear in a list of characters.
COUNTW Function Counts the number of words in a character string.
DEQUOTE Function Removes matching quotation marks from a character string that begins with a quotation mark, and deletes all characters to the right of the closing quotation mark.
FIND Function Searches for a specific substring of characters within a character string.
FINDC Function Searches a string for any character in a list of characters.
FINDW Function Returns the character position of a word in a string, or returns the number of the word in a string.
FIRST Function Returns the first character in a character string.
IFC Function Returns a character value based on whether an expression is true, false, or missing.
INDEX Function Searches a character expression for a string of characters, and returns the position of the string’s first character for the first occurrence of the string.
INDEXC Function Searches a character expression for any of the specified characters, and returns the position of that character.
INDEXW Function Searches a character expression for a string that is specified as a word, and returns the position of the first character in the word.
LEFT Function Left-aligns a character string.
LENGTH Function Returns the length of a non-blank character string, excluding trailing blanks, and returns 1 for a blank character string.
LENGTHC Function Returns the length of a character string, including trailing blanks.
LENGTHM Function Returns the amount of memory (in bytes) that is allocated for a character string.
LENGTHN Function Returns the length of a character string, excluding trailing blanks.
LOWCASE Function Converts all letters in an argument to lowercase.
MD5 Function Returns the result of the message digest of a specified string.
MISSING Function Returns a numeric result that indicates whether the argument contains a missing value.
NLITERAL Function Converts a character string that you specify to a SAS name literal.
NOTALNUM Function Searches a character string for a non-alphanumeric character, and returns the first position at which the character is found.
NOTALPHA Function Searches a character string for a nonalphabetic character, and returns the first position at which the character is found.
NOTCNTRL Function Searches a character string for a character that is not a control character, and returns the first position at which that character is found.
NOTDIGIT Function Searches a character string for any character that is not a digit, and returns the first position at which that character is found.
NOTFIRST Function Searches a character string for an invalid first character in a SAS variable name under VALIDVARNAME=V7, and returns the first position at which that character is found.
NOTGRAPH Function Searches a character string for a non-graphical character, and returns the first position at which that character is found.
NOTLOWER Function Searches a character string for a character that is not a lowercase letter, and returns the first position at which that character is found.
NOTNAME Function Searches a character string for an invalid character in a SAS variable name under VALIDVARNAME=V7, and returns the first position at which that character is found.
NOTPRINT Function Searches a character string for a nonprintable character, and returns the first position at which that character is found.
NOTPUNCT Function Searches a character string for a character that is not a punctuation character, and returns the first position at which that character is found.
NOTSPACE Function Searches a character string for a character that is not a white-space character (blank, horizontal and vertical tab, carriage return, line feed, and form feed), and returns the first position at which that character is found.
NOTUPPER Function Searches a character string for a character that is not an uppercase letter, and returns the first position at which that character is found.
NOTXDIGIT Function Searches a character string for a character that is not a hexadecimal character, and returns the first position at which that character is found.
NVALID Function Checks the validity of a character string for use as a SAS variable name.
PROPCASE Function Converts all words in an argument to proper case.
QUOTE Function Adds double quotation marks to a character value.
RANK Function Returns the position of a character in the ASCII or EBCDIC collating sequence.
REPEAT Function Returns a character value that consists of the first argument repeated n+1 times.
REVERSE Function Reverses a character string.
RIGHT Function Right aligns a character expression.
SCAN Function Returns the nth word from a character string.
SOUNDEX Function Encodes a string to facilitate searching.
SPEDIS Function Determines the likelihood of two words matching, expressed as the asymmetric spelling distance between the two words.
STRIP Function Returns a character string with all leading and trailing blanks removed.
SUBPAD Function Returns a substring that has a length you specify, using blank padding if necessary.
SUBSTR (left of =) Function Replaces character value contents.
SUBSTR (right of =) Function Extracts a substring from an argument.
SUBSTRN Function Returns a substring, allowing a result with a length of zero.
TRANSLATE Function Replaces specific characters in a character string.
TRANSTRN Function Replaces all occurrences of a substring found in a character string, allowing a zero-length replacement string.
TRANWRD Function Replaces or removes all occurrences of a substring in a character string.
TRIM Function Removes trailing blanks from a character string, and returns one blank if the string is missing.
TRIMN Function Removes trailing blanks from character expressions, and returns a string with a length of zero if the expression is missing.
UPCASE Function VERIFY Function
Converts all letters in an argument to uppercase. Returns the position of the first character in a string that is not in any of several other strings.
日期和时间函数 Date and Time
CALL IS8601_CONVERT Routine Converts an ISO 8601 interval to datetime and duration values, or converts datetime and duration values to an ISO 8601 interval.
DATDIF Function Returns the number of days between two dates.
DATE Function Returns the current date as a SAS date value.
DATEJUL Function Converts a Julian date to a SAS date value.
DATEPART Function Extracts the date from a SAS datetime value.
DATETIME Function Returns the current date and time of day as a SAS datetime value.
DAY Function Returns the day of the month from a SAS date value.
DHMS Function Returns a SAS datetime value from date, hour, minute, and second values.
HMS Function Returns a SAS time value from hour, minute, and second values.
HOLIDAY Function Returns a SAS date value of a specified holiday for a specified year.
HOUR Function Returns the hour from a SAS time or datetime value.
INTCINDEX Function Returns the cycle index when a date, time, or datetime interval and value are specified.
INTCK Function Returns the count of the number of interval boundaries between two dates, two times, or two datetime values.
INTCYCLE Function Returns the date, time, or datetime interval at the next higher seasonal cycle when a date, time, or datetime interval is specified.
INTFIT Function Returns a time interval that is aligned between two dates.
INTFMT Function Returns a recommended SAS format when a date, time, or datetime interval is specified.
INTGET Function Returns a time interval based on three date or datetime values.
INTINDEX Function Returns the seasonal index when a date, time, or datetime interval and value are specified.
INTNX Function Increments a date, time, or datetime value by a given time interval, and returns a date, time, or datetime value.
INTSEAS Function Returns the length of the seasonal cycle when a date, time, or datetime interval is specified.
INTSHIFT Function Returns the shift interval that corresponds to the base interval.
INTTEST Function Returns 1 if a time interval is valid, and returns 0 if a time interval is invalid.
JULDATE Function Returns the Julian date from a SAS date value.
JULDATE7 Function Returns a seven-digit Julian date from a SAS date value.
MDY Function Returns a SAS date value from month, day, and year values.
MINUTE Function Returns the minute from a SAS time or datetime value.
MONTH Function Returns the month from a SAS date value.
NWKDOM Function Returns the date for the nth occurrence of a weekday for the specified month and year.
QTR Function Returns the quarter of the year from a SAS date value.
SECOND Function Returns the second from a SAS time or datetime value.
TIME Function Returns the current time of day as a numeric SAS time value.
TIMEPART Function Extracts a time value from a SAS datetime value.
TODAY Function Returns the current date as a numeric SAS date value.
WEEK Function Returns the week-number value.
WEEKDAY Function From a SAS date value, returns an integer that corresponds to the day of the week.
YEAR Function Returns the year from a SAS date value.
YRDIF Function YYQ Function
Returns the difference in years between two dates. Returns a SAS date value from year and quarter year values.
描述统计函数 Descriptive Statistics
CMISS Function Counts the number of missing arguments.
CSS Function Returns the corrected sum of squares.
CV Function Returns the coefficient of variation.
EUCLID Function Returns the Euclidean norm of the non-missing arguments.
GEOMEAN Function Returns the geometric mean.
GEOMEANZ Function Returns the geometric mean, using zero fuzzing.
HARMEAN Function Returns the harmonic mean.
HARMEANZ Function Returns the harmonic mean, using zero fuzzing.
IQR Function Returns the interquartile range.
KURTOSIS Function Returns the kurtosis.
LARGEST Function Returns the kth largest non-missing value.
LPNORM Function Returns the Lp norm of the second argument and subsequent non-missing arguments.
MAD Function Returns the median absolute deviation from the median.
MAX Function Returns the largest value.
MEAN Function Returns the arithmetic mean (average).
MEDIAN Function Returns the median value.
MIN Function Returns the smallest value.
MISSING Function Returns a numeric result that indicates whether the argument contains a missing value.
N Function Returns the number of non-missing numeric values.
NMISS Function Returns the number of missing numeric values.
ORDINAL Function Returns the kth smallest of the missing and nonmissing values.
PCTL Function Returns the percentile that corresponds to the percentage.
RANGE Function Returns the range of the nonmissing values.
RMS Function Returns the root mean square of the nonmissing arguments.
SKEWNESS Function Returns the skewness of the nonmissing arguments.
SMALLEST Function Returns the kth smallest nonmissing value.
STD Function Returns the standard deviation of the nonmissing arguments.
STDERR Function Returns the standard error of the mean of the nonmissing arguments.
SUM Function Returns the sum of the nonmissing arguments.
SUMABS Function Returns the sum of the absolute values of the non-missing arguments.
USS Function VAR Function
Returns the uncorrected sum of squares of the nonmissing arguments. Returns the variance of the nonmissing arguments.
数学函数 Mathematical
ABS Function Returns the absolute value.
AIRY Function Returns the value of the Airy function.
BETA Function Returns the value of the beta function.
CALL LOGISTIC Routine Applies the logistic function to each argument.
CALL SOFTMAX Routine Returns the softmax value.
CALL STDIZE Routine Standardizes the values of one or more variables.
CALL TANH Routine Returns the hyperbolic tangent.
CNONCT Function Returns the noncentrality parameter from a chi-square distribution.
COALESCE Function Returns the first non-missing value from a list of numeric arguments.
CONSTANT Function Computes machine and mathematical constants.
DAIRY Function Returns the derivative of the AIRY function.
DEVIANCE Function Returns the deviance based on a probability distribution.
DIGAMMA Function Returns the value of the digamma function.
ERF Function Returns the value of the (normal) error function.
ERFC Function Returns the value of the complementary (normal) error function.
EXP Function Returns the value of the exponential function.
FACT Function Computes a factorial.
FNONCT Function Returns the value of the noncentrality parameter of an F distribution.
GAMMA Function Returns the value of the gamma function.
GCD Function Returns the greatest common divisor for one or more integers.
IBESSEL Function Returns the value of the modified Bessel function.
JBESSEL Function Returns the value of the Bessel function.
LCM Function Returns the least common multiple.
LGAMMA Function Returns the natural logarithm of the Gamma function.
LOG Function Returns the natural (base e) logarithm.
LOG1PX Function Returns the log of 1 plus the argument.
LOG10 Function Returns the logarithm to the base 10.
LOG2 Function Returns the logarithm to the base 2.
LOGBETA Function Returns the logarithm of the beta function.
MOD Function Returns the remainder from the division of the first argument by the second argument, fuzzed to avoid most unexpected floating-point results.
MODZ Function Returns the remainder from the division of the first argument by the second argument, using zero fuzzing.
MSPLINT Function Returns the ordinate of a monotonicity-preserving interpolating spline.
SIGN Function Returns the sign of a value.
SQRT Function Returns the square root of a value.
TNONCT Function TRIGAMMA Function
Returns the value of the noncentrality parameter from the Student’s t distribution. Returns the value of the trigamma function.
分布密度函数、分布函数 Probability
CDF Function Returns a value from a cumulative probability distribution.
LOGCDF Function Returns the logarithm of a left cumulative distribution function.
LOGPDF Function Returns the logarithm of a probability density (mass) function.
LOGSDF Function Returns the logarithm of a survival function.
PDF Function Returns a value from a probability density (mass) distribution.
POISSON Function Returns the probability from a Poisson distribution.
PROBBETA Function Returns the probability from a beta distribution.
PROBBNML Function Returns the probability from a binomial distribution.
PROBBNRM Function Returns a probability from a bivariate normal distribution.
PROBCHI Function Returns the probability from a chi-square distribution.
PROBF Function Returns the probability from an F distribution.
PROBGAM Function Returns the probability from a gamma distribution.
PROBHYPR Function Returns the probability from a hypergeometric distribution.
PROBMC Function Returns a probability or a quantile from various distributions for multiple comparisons of means.
PROBNEGB Function Returns the probability from a negative binomial distribution.
PROBNORM Function Returns the probability from the standard normal distribution.
PROBT Function SDF Function
Returns the probability from a t distribution. Returns a survival function.
二进制逻辑操作符 Bitwise Logical Operations
BAND Function Returns the bitwise logical AND of two arguments.
BLSHIFT Function Returns the bitwise logical left shift of two arguments.
BNOT Function Returns the bitwise logical NOT of an argument.
BOR Function Returns the bitwise logical OR of two arguments.
BRSHIFT Function BXOR Function
Returns the bitwise logical right shift of two arguments. Returns the bitwise logical EXCLUSIVE OR of two arguments.
数组函数 Array
DIM Function Returns the number of elements in an array.
HBOUND Function LBOUND Function
Returns the upper bound of an array. Returns the lower bound of an array.
字符串配对函数 Character String Matching
CALL PRXCHANGE Routine Performs a pattern-matching replacement.
CALL PRXDEBUG Routine Enables Perl regular expressions in a DATA step to send debugging output to the SAS log.
CALL PRXFREE Routine Frees memory that was allocated for a Perl regular expression.
CALL PRXNEXT Routine Returns the position and length of a substring that matches a pattern, and iterates over multiple matches within one string.
CALL PRXPOSN Routine Returns the start position and length for a capture buffer.
CALL PRXSUBSTR Routine Returns the position and length of a substring that matches a pattern.
PRXCHANGE Function Performs a pattern-matching replacement.
PRXMATCH Function Searches for a pattern match and returns the position at which the pattern is found.
PRXPAREN Function Returns the last bracket match for which there is a match in a pattern.
PRXPARSE Function PRXPOSN Function
Compiles a Perl regular expression (PRX) that can be used for pattern matching of a character value. Returns a character string that contains the value for a capture buffer.
组合函数 Combinatorial
ALLCOMB Function Generates all combinations of the values of n variables taken k at a time in a minimal change order.
ALLPERM Function Generates all permutations of the values of several variables in a minimal change order.
CALL ALLCOMB Routine Generates all combinations of the values of n variables taken k at a time in a minimal change order.
CALL ALLCOMBI Routine Generates all combinations of the indices of n objects taken k at a time in a minimal change order.
CALL ALLPERM Routine Generates all permutations of the values of several variables in a minimal change order.
CALL GRAYCODE Routine Generates all subsets of n items in a minimal change order.
CALL LEXCOMB Routine Generates all distinct combinations of the non-missing values of n variables taken k at a time in lexicographic order.
CALL LEXCOMBI Routine Generates all combinations of the indices of n objects taken k at a time in lexicographic order.
CALL LEXPERK Routine Generates all distinct permutations of the non-missing values of n variables taken k at a time in lexicographic order.
CALL LEXPERM Routine Generates all distinct permutations of the non-missing values of several variables in lexicographic order.
CALL RANPERK Routine Randomly permutes the values of the arguments, and returns a permutation of k out of n values.
CALL RANPERM Routine Randomly permutes the values of the arguments.
COMB Function Computes the number of combinations of n elements taken r at a time.
GRAYCODE Function Generates all subsets of n items in a minimal change order.
LCOMB Function Computes the logarithm of the COMB function; that is, the logarithm of the number of combinations of n objects taken r at a time.
LEXCOMB Function Generates all distinct combinations of the non-missing values of n variables taken k at a time in lexicographic order.
LEXCOMBI Function Generates all combinations of the indices of n objects taken k at a time in lexicographic order.
LEXPERK Function Generates all distinct permutations of the non-missing values of n variables taken k at a time in lexicographic order.
LEXPERM Function Generates all distinct permutations of the non-missing values of several variables in lexicographic order.
LFACT Function Computes the logarithm of the FACT (factorial) function.
LPERM Function PERM Function
Computes the logarithm of the PERM function; that is, the logarithm of the number of permutations of n objects, with the option of including r number of elements. Computes the number of permutations of n items that are taken r at a time.
双曲线函数 Hyperbolic
ARCOSH Function Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine.
ARSINH Function Returns the inverse hyperbolic sine.
ARTANH Function Returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent.
COSH Function Returns the hyperbolic cosine.
SINH Function TANH Function
Returns the hyperbolic sine. Returns the hyperbolic tangent.
宏函数 Macro
CALL EXECUTE Routine Resolves the argument, and issues the resolved value for execution at the next step boundary.
CALL SYMPUT Routine Assigns DATA step information to a macro variable.
CALL SYMPUTX Routine Assigns a value to a macro variable, and removes both leading and trailing blanks.
RESOLVE Function Returns the resolved value of the argument after it has been processed by the macro facility.
SYMEXIST Function Returns an indication of the existence of a macro variable.
SYMGET Function Returns the value of a macro variable during DATA step execution.
SYMGLOBL Function SYMLOCAL Function
Returns an indication of whether a macro variable is in global scope to the DATA step during DATA step execution. Returns an indication of whether a macro variable is in local scope to the DATA step during DATA step execution.
分位数函数 Quantile
BETAINV Function Returns a quantile from the beta distribution.
CINV Function Returns a quantile from the chi-square distribution.
FINV Function Returns a quantile from the F distribution.
GAMINV Function Returns a quantile from the gamma distribution.
PROBIT Function Returns a quantile from the standard normal distribution.
QUANTILE Function TINV Function
Returns the quantile from a distribution that you specify. Returns a quantile from the t distribution.
搜索函数 Search
WHICHC Function WHICHN Function
Searches for a character value that is equal to the first argument, and returns the index of the first matching value. Searches for a numeric value that is equal to the first argument, and returns the index of the first matching value.
排序函数Sort
CALL SORTC Routine CALL SORTN Routine
Sorts the values of character arguments. Sorts the values of numeric arguments.
外部例程 External Routines
CALL MODULE Routine Calls an external routine without any return code.
MODULEC Function MODULEN Function
Calls an external routine and returns a character value. Calls an external routine and returns a numeric value.
三角函数Trigonometric
ARCOS Function Returns the arccosine.
ARSIN Function Returns the arcsine.
ATAN Function Returns the arc tangent.
ATAN2 Function Returns the arc tangent of the ratio of two numeric variables.
COS Function Returns the cosine.
SIN Function TAN Function
Returns the sine. Returns the tangent.
截断函数 Truncation
CEIL Function Returns the smallest integer that is greater than or equal to the argument, fuzzed to avoid unexpected floating-point results.
CEILZ Function Returns the smallest integer that is greater than or equal to the argument, using zero fuzzing.
FLOOR Function Returns the largest integer that is less than or equal to the argument, fuzzed to avoid unexpected floating-point results.
FLOORZ Function Returns the largest integer that is less than or equal to the argument, using zero fuzzing.
FUZZ Function Returns the nearest integer if the argument is within 1E-12 of that integer.
INT Function Returns the integer value, fuzzed to avoid unexpected floating-point results.
INTZ Function Returns the integer portion of the argument, using zero fuzzing.
ROUND Function Rounds the first argument to the nearest multiple of the second argument, or to the nearest integer when the second argument is omitted.
ROUNDE Function Rounds the first argument to the nearest multiple of the second argument, and returns an even multiple when the first argument is halfway between the two nearest multiples.
ROUNDZ Function TRUNC Function
Rounds the first argument to the nearest multiple of the second argument, using zero fuzzing. Truncates a numeric value to a specified number of bytes.
变量控制函数Variable Control
CALL LABEL Routine Assigns a variable label to a specified character variable.
CALL SET Routine CALL VNAME Routine
Links SAS data set variables to DATA step or macro variables that have the same name and data type. Assigns a variable name as the value of a specified variable.
算术函数 Arithmetic
DIVIDE
Returns the result of a division that handles special missing values for ODS output.
返回数值函数 Numeric
IFN Function
Returns a numeric value based on whether an expression is true, false, or missing.
网络工具函数Web Tools
HTMLDECODE Function Decodes a string that contains HTML numeric character references or HTML character entity references, and returns the decoded string.
HTMLENCODE Function Encodes characters using HTML character entity references, and returns the encoded string.
URLDECODE Function URLENCODE Function
Returns a string that was decoded using the URL escape syntax. Returns a string that was encoded using the URL escape syntax.
外部文件函数 External Files
DCLOSE Function Closes a directory that was opened by the DOPEN function.
DCREATE Function Returns the complete pathname of a new, external directory.
DINFO Function Returns information about a directory.
DNUM Function Returns the number of members in a directory.
DOPEN Function Opens a directory, and returns a directory identifier value.
DOPTNAME Function Returns directory attribute information.
DOPTNUM Function Returns the number of information items that are available for a directory.
DREAD Function Returns the name of a directory member.
DROPNOTE Function Deletes a note marker from a SAS data set or an external file.
FAPPEND Function Appends the current record to the end of an external file.
FCLOSE Function Closes an external file, directory, or directory member.
FCOL Function Returns the current column position in the File Data Buffer (FDB).
FDELETE Function Deletes an external file or an empty directory.
FEXIST Function Verifies the existence of an external file that is associated with a fileref.
FGET Function Copies data from the File Data Buffer (FDB) into a variable.
FILEEXIST Function Verifies the existence of an external file by its physical name.
FILENAME Function Assigns or deassigns a fileref to an external file, directory, or output device.
FILEREF Function Verifies whether a fileref has been assigned for the current SAS session.
FINFO Function Returns the value of a file information item.
FNOTE Function Identifies the last record that was read, and returns a value that the FPOINT function can use.
FOPEN Function Opens an external file and returns a file identifier value.
FOPTNAME Function Returns the name of an item of information about a file.
FOPTNUM Function Returns the number of information items that are available for an external file.
FPOINT Function Positions the read pointer on the next record to be read.
FPOS Function Sets the position of the column pointer in the File Data Buffer (FDB).
FPUT Function Moves data to the File Data Buffer (FDB) of an external file, starting at the FDB’s current column position.
FREAD Function Reads a record from an external file into the File Data Buffer (FDB).
FREWIND Function Positions the file pointer to the start of the file.
FRLEN Function Returns the size of the last record that was read, or, if the file is opened for output, returns the current record size.
FSEP Function Sets the token delimiters for the FGET function.
FWRITE Function Writes a record to an external file.
MOPEN Function Opens a file by directory ID and member name, and returns either the file identifier or a 0.
PATHNAME Function Returns the physical name of an external file or a SAS library, or returns a blank.
RENAME Function Renames a member of a SAS library, an entry in a SAS catalog, an external file, or a directory.
SYSMSG Function SYSRC Function
Returns error or warning message text from processing the last data set or external file function. Returns a system error number.
金融函数Financial
BLACKCLPRC Function Calculates call prices for European options on futures, based on the Black model.
BLACKPTPRC Function Calculates put prices for European options on futures, based on the Black model.
BLKSHCLPRC Function Calculates call prices for European options on stocks, based on the Black-Scholes model.
BLKSHPTPRC Function Calculates put prices for European options on stocks, based on the Black-Scholes model.
COMPOUND Function Returns compound interest parameters.
CONVX Function Returns the convexity for an enumerated cash flow.
CONVXP Function Returns the convexity for a periodic cash flow stream, such as a bond.
DACCDB Function Returns the accumulated declining balance depreciation.
DACCDBSL Function Returns the accumulated declining balance with conversion to a straight-line depreciation.
DACCSL Function Returns the accumulated straight-line depreciation.
DACCSYD Function Returns the accumulated sum-of-years-digits depreciation.
DACCTAB Function Returns the accumulated depreciation from specified tables.
DEPDB Function Returns the declining balance depreciation.
DEPDBSL Function Returns the declining balance with conversion to a straight-line depreciation.
DEPSL Function Returns the straight-line depreciation.
DEPSYD Function Returns the sum-of-years-digits depreciation.
DEPTAB Function Returns the depreciation from specified tables.
DUR Function Returns the modified duration for an enumerated cash flow.
DURP Function Returns the modified duration for a periodic cash flow stream, such as a bond.
FINANCE Function Computes financial calculations such as depreciation, maturation, accrued interest, net present value, periodic savings, and internal rates of return.
GARKHCLPRC Function Calculates call prices for European options on stocks, based on the Garman-Kohlhagen model.
GARKHPTPRC Function Calculates put prices for European options on stocks, based on the Garman-Kohlhagen model.
INTRR Function Returns the internal rate of return as a fraction.
IRR Function Returns the internal rate of return as a percentage.
MARGRCLPRC Function Calculates call prices for European options on stocks, based on the Margrabe model.
MARGRPTPRC Function Calculates put prices for European options on stocks, based on the Margrabe model.
MORT Function Returns amortization parameters.
NETPV Function Returns the net present value as a fraction.
NPV Function Returns the net present value with the rate expressed as a percentage.
PVP Function Returns the present value for a periodic cash flow stream (such as a bond), with repayment of principal at maturity.
SAVING Function YIELDP Function
Returns the future value of a periodic saving. Returns the yield-to-maturity for a periodic cash flow stream, such as a bond.
产生随机数函数 Random Number
CALL RANBIN Routine Returns a random variate from a binomial distribution.
CALL RANCAU Routine Returns a random variate from a Cauchy distribution.
CALL RANEXP Routine Returns a random variate from an exponential distribution.
CALL RANGAM Routine Returns a random variate from a gamma distribution.
CALL RANNOR Routine Returns a random variate from a normal distribution.
CALL RANPOI Routine Returns a random variate from a Poisson distribution.
CALL RANTBL Routine Returns a random variate from a tabled probability distribution.
CALL RANTRI Routine Returns a random variate from a triangular distribution.
CALL RANUNI Routine Returns a random variate from a uniform distribution.
CALL STREAMINIT Routine Specifies a seed value to use for subsequent random number generation by the RAND function.
NORMAL Function Returns a random variate from a normal, or Gaussian, distribution.
RANBIN Function Returns a random variate from a binomial distribution.
RANCAU Function Returns a random variate from a Cauchy distribution.
RAND Function Generates random numbers from a distribution that you specify.
RANEXP Function Returns a random variate from an exponential distribution.
RANGAM Function Returns a random variate from a gamma distribution.
RANNOR Function Returns a random variate from a normal distribution.
RANPOI Function Returns a random variate from a Poisson distribution.
RANTBL Function Returns a random variate from a tabled probability distribution.
RANTRI Function Returns a random variate from a triangular distribution.
RANUNI Function UNIFORM Function
Returns a random variate from a uniform distribution. Returns a random variate from a uniform distribution.
SAS文件IO函数 SAS File I/O
ATTRC Function Returns the value of a character attribute for a SAS data set.
ATTRN Function Returns the value of a numeric attribute for a SAS data set.
CEXIST Function Verifies the existence of a SAS catalog or SAS catalog entry.
CLOSE Function Closes a SAS data set.
CUROBS Function Returns the observation number of the current observation.
DROPNOTE Function Deletes a note marker from a SAS data set or an external file.
DSNAME Function Returns the SAS data set name that is associated with a data set identifier.
ENVLEN Function Returns the length of an environment variable.
EXIST Function Verifies the existence of a SAS library member.
FETCH Function Reads the next non-deleted observation from a SAS data set into the Data Set Data Vector (DDV).
FETCHOBS Function Reads a specified observation from a SAS data set into the Data Set Data Vector (DDV).
GETVARC Function Returns the value of a SAS data set character variable.
GETVARN Function Returns the value of a SAS data set numeric variable.
IORCMSG Function Returns a formatted error message for width=”20%”>LIBNAME Function Assigns or deassigns a libref for a SAS library.
LIBREF Function Verifies that a libref has been assigned.
NOTE Function Returns an observation ID for the current observation of a SAS data set.
OPEN Function Opens a SAS data set.
PATHNAME Function Returns the physical name of an external file or a SAS library, or returns a blank.
POINT Function Locates an observation that is identified by the NOTE function.
RENAME Function Renames a member of a SAS library, an entry in a SAS catalog, an external file, or a directory.
REWIND Function Positions the data set pointer at the beginning of a SAS data set.
SYSMSG Function Returns error or warning message text from processing the last data set or external file function.
SYSRC Function Returns a system error number.
VARFMT Function Returns the format that is assigned to a SAS data set variable.
VARINFMT Function Returns the informat that is assigned to a SAS data set variable.
VARLABEL Function Returns the label that is assigned to a SAS data set variable.
VARLEN Function Returns the length of a SAS data set variable.
VARNAME Function Returns the name of a SAS data set variable.
VARNUM Function VARTYPE Function
Returns the number of a variable’s position in a SAS data set. Returns the data type of a SAS data set variable.
特殊函数 Special
ADDR Function Returns the memory address of a variable on a 32-bit platform.
ADDRLONG Function Returns the memory address of a variable on 32-bit and 64-bit platforms.
CALL POKE Routine Writes a value directly into memory on a 32-bit platform.
CALL POKELONG Routine Writes a value directly into memory on 32-bit and 64-bit platforms.
CALL SLEEP Routine For a specified period of time, suspends the execution of a program that invokes this CALL routine.
CALL SYSTEM Routine Submits an operating environment command for execution.
DIF Function Returns differences between an argument and its nth lag.
GETOPTION Function Returns the value of a SAS system or graphics option.
INPUT Function Returns the value that is produced when SAS converts an expression using the specified informat.
INPUTC Function Enables you to specify a character informat at run time.
INPUTN Function Enables you to specify a numeric informat at run time.
LAG Function Returns values from a queue.
PEEK Function Stores the contents of a memory address in a numeric variable on a 32-bit platform.
PEEKC Function Stores the contents of a memory address in a character variable on a 32-bit platform.
PEEKCLONG Function Stores the contents of a memory address in a character variable on 32-bit and 64-bit platforms.
PEEKLONG Function Stores the contents of a memory address in a numeric variable on 32-bit and 64-bit platforms.
PTRLONGADD Function Returns the pointer address as a character variable on 32-bit and 64-bit platforms.
PUT Function Returns a value using a specified format.
PUTC Function Enables you to specify a character format at run time.
PUTN Function Enables you to specify a numeric format at run time.
SLEEP Function For a specified period of time, suspends the execution of a program that invokes this function.
SYSGET Function Returns the value of the specified operating environment variable.
SYSPARM Function Returns the system parameter string.
SYSPROCESSID Function Returns the process ID of the current process.
SYSPROCESSNAME Function Returns the process name that is associated with a given process ID, or returns the name of the current process.
SYSPROD Function Determines whether a product is licensed.
SYSTEM Function UUIDGEN Function
Issues an operating environment command during a SAS session, and returns the system return code. Returns the short or binary form of a Universal Unique Identifier (UUID).
变量信息函数 Variable Information
CALL VNEXT Routine Returns the name, type, and length of a variable that is used in a DATA step.
VARRAY Function Returns a value that indicates whether the specified name is an array.
VARRAYX Function Returns a value that indicates whether the value of the specified argument is an array.
VFORMAT Function Returns the format that is associated with the specified variable.
VFORMATD Function Returns the decimal value of the format that is associated with the specified variable.
VFORMATDX Function Returns the decimal value of the format that is associated with the value of the specified argument.
VFORMATN Function Returns the format name that is associated with the specified variable.
VFORMATNX Function Returns the format name that is associated with the value of the specified argument.
VFORMATW Function Returns the format width that is associated with the specified variable.
VFORMATWX Function Returns the format width that is associated with the value of the specified argument.
VFORMATX Function Returns the format that is associated with the value of the specified argument.
VINARRAY Function Returns a value that indicates whether the specified variable is a member of an array.
VINARRAYX Function Returns a value that indicates whether the value of the specified argument is a member of an array.
VINFORMAT Function Returns the informat that is associated with the specified variable.
VINFORMATD Function Returns the decimal value of the informat that is associated with the specified variable.
VINFORMATDX Function Returns the decimal value of the informat that is associated with the value of the specified variable.
VINFORMATN Function Returns the informat name that is associated with the specified variable.
VINFORMATNX Function Returns the informat name that is associated with the value of the specified argument.
VINFORMATW Function Returns the informat width that is associated with the specified variable.
VINFORMATWX Function Returns the informat width that is associated with the value of the specified argument.
VINFORMATX Function Returns the informat that is associated with the value of the specified argument.
VLABEL Function Returns the label that is associated with the specified variable.
VLABELX Function Returns the label that is associated with the value of the specified argument.
VLENGTH Function Returns the compile-time (allocated) size of the specified variable.
VLENGTHX Function Returns the compile-time (allocated) size for the variable that has a name that is the same as the value of the argument.
VNAME Function Returns the name of the specified variable.
VNAMEX Function Validates the value of the specified argument as a variable name.
VTYPE Function Returns the type (character or numeric) of the specified variable.
VTYPEX Function Returns the type (character or numeric) for the value of the specified argument.
VVALUE Function VVALUEX Function
Returns the formatted value that is associated with the variable that you specify. Returns the formatted value that is associated with the argument that you specify.
美国人专用函数 与地理位置有关的一些函数 美国人对美国人真好
函数名 作用
Distance距离函数 GEODIST Function Returns the geodetic distance between two latitude and longitude coordinates.
ZIPCITYDISTANCE Function Returns the geodetic distance between two zip code locations.
State and Zip Code州和邮政编码 FIPNAME Function Converts two-digit FIPS codes to uppercase state names.
FIPNAMEL Function Converts two-digit FIPS codes to mixed case state names.
FIPSTATE Function Converts two-digit FIPS codes to two-character state postal codes.
STFIPS Function Converts state postal codes to FIPS state codes.
STNAME Function Converts state postal codes to uppercase state names.
STNAMEL Function Converts state postal codes to mixed case state names.
ZIPCITY Function Returns a city name and the two-character postal code that corresponds to a zip code.
ZIPCITYDISTANCE Function Returns the geodetic distance between two zip code locations.
ZIPFIPS Function Converts zip codes to two-digit FIPS codes.
ZIPNAME Function Converts zip codes to uppercase state names.
ZIPNAMEL Function ZIPSTATE Function
Converts zip codes to mixed case state names. Converts zip codes to two-character state postal codes.
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来源：数据分析网
发布时间：2016-04-16 23:21:00
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